A 400 is a client-error (4xx) status: the problem is in the request, not the server. Causes include malformed URLs, oversized headers, invalid cookies or broken query strings. Users usually see it after a bad link or a browser/extension issue.
For SEO, isolated 400s on odd URLs are rarely harmful, but systematic 400s on real, linked pages block crawlers from reaching content and should be fixed. Check server logs and Search Console for patterns.
If a URL is genuinely gone, return a 404 or 410 instead; if it moved, use a 301 redirect. Reserve 400 for actually invalid requests.